Citation practices and the bluebook cuny school of law. Use this when the cite directly supports the text, when the source is a quote. For example, in preparing a brief, an attorney might set forth a particular assertion based upon the facts of the case and. The title of the book, also in small caps, should follow.
This article will describe the bluebook guidelines for citing a book according to peter w. The bluebook does not explicitly indicate what the numbers refer to. According to the bluebook signals of different types should be grouped in different citation sentences. Because you will often cite a case and other legal materials multiple times in a document, the bluebook has established a short form for use in subsequent citations. Legal citation, the bluebook, and the anxiety of authority. The bluepages keep the tradition of underscoring certain text.
The following information regarding the bluebook citation format is an. There are too many rules for this introductory guide to cover. Citing to the record in briefs marquette university law. Citations in quoting citing parentheticals, 6152010 related section. Prior and subsequent history when citing a case in full, give the entire subsequent history and prior history if particularly relevant, abbreviating and italicizing procedural phrases according to table 8. Signals bluebook citation 101 academic format research. How to write a bibliography in bluebook pen and the pad. Citations in quotingciting parentheticals, 6152010 related section. This indicates that the source you are using does not directly state the proposition. Explanatory parentheticals can pack a persuasive punch. Specifically, i will examine the institution of the string citea ci. If you are using parentheses around your record cites, then you use them with all record cites, including those that contain id. I am using word for max 2011 is there a way to make footnotes in bluebook format. Guide to cite using bluebook citation method with examples.
If youre citing to a paragraph likely because the lines arent numbered for some unknown reason, then use a paragraph symbol. Well, are you citing to a paragraph or a line number. Generally speaking, the citation should include the authors full name, the title of the book, the page cited, editors name if applicable, edition if applicable, and year of publication an example of a book citation would be. If you encounter a situation that is not covered in this guide, make sure to check the bluebook for more detail. Deciding court, jurisdiction date of decision united states v. Parallel citations are used when the same case is printed in two or more different reporters. In general, if one source is considered more authoritative than the others, place this one first in the string cite. Courts can avoid the stubborn enforcement of an honestly mistaken.
Law school bluebook basics one of the books that all 1l law students are required to purchase is the bluebook. If your judge or court has not stated a preference for the citation style of the california style manual, you may default to. In case of citing a book that has been edited, write ed. A pinpoint citation directly follows the title, which designates the specific pages on which the cited material. The key distinction between citing according to the white and blue pages is the typeface. The bluebook does a pretty good job of giving examples of the particular statute you may be citing. Scan your paper for grammar mistakes and catch unintentional plagiarism. The author hopes this guide will offer some helpful advice. The main authority being cited, or whichever is most useful, if any, should always be cited first. If, however, the provision cited or quoted has changed since the publication of the source doing the citing or quoting, cite. String citations sturm college of law university of denver. You can combine this with other signals such as see.
The author experienced frustration with the bluebook both as a first year student and on a law journal board. It might be difficult to understand bluebook citation format without having some vivid examples. Use parentheticals for weight of authority, citingquoting phrases, and case explanations in that order no italics. Here are a few examples to illustrate support my statement. However, the following are rules and examples for other types of legal documents that many firstyear law students may need to cite in addition to cases and statutes. When citing a source for the purposes of a citing or quoting parenthetical under rule 1. For generations, law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation. I dont think it would make a difference if you changed the pincite, so in your example. At the nations oldest roman catholic law school, notre dame law school encourages students of diverse backgrounds to broaden their social, spiritual, and personal lives while honing their intellectual and professional skills to serve the good of all. Im trying to cite to a deposition in my legal writing paper.
Explanatory information introduction to the bluebook. Just omit the volume part if there are no volumes is my. For help with other source types, like books, pdfs, or websites, check out our other guides. Automatic works cited and bibliography formatting for mla, apa and chicagoturabian citation styles. Bluebook rule 15 gives the citation format for books, reports, and other nonperiodic materials. The main rule that describes the short form for cases is rule 10. This citation style 1 template is used to create citations for books. For books, the authors name should appear as it does on the title page of the book, in small caps followed by a comma. If citing a federal case and a state case, cite the federal case first. If youre citing to a line number, dont use the paragraph symbol. Pink text information that you will need to find from.
Blue book citation for depositions top law schools. Bluebook citation to format legal documents and cases. Introduce prior and subsequent history w italicized phrase. A bluebook title page is one of the examples, and it should be perfect because it is the face of your work, which represents the title. History of bluebook the development of the bluebook from its inception in 1926 as a twentysixpage pamphlet. There is a division of jurisdiction in bluebook and each jurisdiction has different format of citation, which is quite evident from examples below. A series of references to cases that establish legal precedents and to other authorities that appear one after another and are printed following a legal assertion or conclusion as supportive authority. The bluepages section located at the start of the bluebook is a miniguide to court documents andor legal memoranda. State court cases from different jurisdictions are cited alphabetically by state and then by rank within each state. Some basics on bluebooking with a focus on maryland rules this is a quick guide to citing maryland cases and statutes, based on bluebook rules 10 and 12.
Thus far, this guide has described how to cite cases in long form, i. Section 6300 breaks signals and their references into four different types. When citing multiple pages, give the inclusive page numbers and. Signals are important because they indicate how a cited authority relates to the text. Cited authority supports a proposition different from the main proposition but is sufficiently analogous to lend support cf. Additionally, you may have multiple authorities in a single signal. Everything you wanted to know that the bluebook does not tell.
This guide provides basic information on bluebook citation in the scholarly. Introductory signals appear at the beginning of citation sentences. Order of authorities bluebook legal citation tarlton law library. This guide provides commentary, models and tips on the bluebook 19th edition for law students. The first citation here directly supports the statement and the accord signal and second citation indicates another source that supports it.
The bluepages are a guide for practitioners and law clerks to use when citing authority in non academic legal documents. A law declaring that one group of citizens shall not be afforded equal. The bluebook, is the definitive style guide for legal citation in the united states. It means using the regular roman type, large and small capitals, underlining, and italics. You may apply the white pages when citing in legal memoranda and court documents so long as you deal with the right typeface.
Regents of the university of california, the court held. This book is a reference guide that, believe it or not, will be just about the only book you take from law school into your practice as a lawyer. This relation can be supportive, comparative, or contradictory. String citation legal definition of string citation. When citing an authority that supports the proposition afte r other authorities that state or directly support the proposition see also use of an explanatory parenthetical is recomm ended before use of see also.
The following information regarding the bluebook citation format is an adapted version of the style and formatting guidelines found in the bluebook, 20th ed. A b c d e f gh i jk l m n o p qr s t u vwxyz show all. See reference 1 write the volume number in numeric form if the source is a multivolume work. Bluebook examples for common citations books rule 15. Chicago manual of style 16th edition full note american psychological association 6th edition. Always check for local court citation rules for court documents. Students should know by this time 2 types of intext citations exist.
Citation rules for court documents and legal memoranda. It is not intended to be a comprehensive discussion of citation rules. Bluebook is a style of referencing which is the most used legal citation system in the united states, used at the majority of us law schools. The bluebook contains rules that prescribe how to cite a variety of legal documents. Bluepage rules are sometimes different but are always based upon the normal nonbluepage rules. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator. Order of authorities bluebook legal citation tarlton. When citing an article in a periodical, use cite journal. The signal accord comes after another citation that supports the proposition. A bluebook guide for law students suffolk university. The bluebook now makes it optional to use parentheses around your record cites. The first citation here directly supports the statement and the accord signal and second citation. Bluebook rule 10 covers how cases should be cited in legal documents.
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